Resultsĭetailed results considering the significant effects of the main factors and their interactions on sperm parameters are shown in Supplementary material (Table S1). Thus, we evaluated the effect of vibration emissions on sperm quality of intrauterine AI doses after 0, 3, 6, and 12 h of transport simulation using short- and long-term extenders.Īll procedures were conducted with approval from the Veterinary Research Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (COMPESQ-VET - UFRGS), project number 40611. In the present study, it was hypothesized that long exposure of semen doses to mild vibration emission (simulating a highway with little impact since not the entire route is carried out on high-impact roads) still compromises sperm quality, but the longer-term extender could mitigate this negative effect. Long distances are common for semen dose delivery, and most of the distances are traveled on paved roads, with short distances being carried out on unpaved roads. (2021) compared the impact of transport in different semen dose shipping scenarios (22º or 17✬) using short- and long-term extenders and also observed a detrimental effect of transport on sperm motility parameters and plasma membrane integrity when vibration was emitted at 200 rpm over 4 h compared to control samples (without transport simulation). Although few studies have focused on the transport of boar semen doses, it has been recently shown that vibration emission at 300 rpm (simulating a rough road surface) over 6 h impairs boar sperm quality in a frequency-dependent manner when a short-term extender is used (Schulze et al., 2018). In addition, the transport time and distance of shipping boar extended doses from boar studs to farms have increased. In boar stud routine management, it is believed that long-term extenders can minimize the deleterious impacts of agitation during transport due to improved buffering agents, antioxidants, and antibiotics (Knox, 2016).įurthermore, with the advance of AI, centralization of boar studs has become necessary to produce extended semen doses with strict and specialized quality control (Schulze et al., 2017). Long-term extenders are usually more expensive than short-term extenders, but are commonly used, even using the semen dose for up to 3 days (Lucca et al., 2021), due to additional sperm protection during long-distance transportation (Pinart et al., 2015, Waberski et al., 2019). Sows are commonly inseminated with liquid-preserved semen (Riesenbeck, 2011) containing one of two types of semen doses (concerning the volume and number of cells): traditional AI, with transcervical deposition of 70–100 mL extended semen containing between 1.5 and 2.5 × 10 9 sperm, and intrauterine AI, with deposition of 1–2 × 10 9 sperm in a volume between 30 and 50 mL into the uterine body (García-Vázquez et al., 2019, Waberski et al., 2019).Īccording to the capability of maintaining sperm viability over time, boar semen extenders are generally divided into short-, mid-, and long-term extenders for semen storage at 15–18✬ (Feugang et al., 2019). Currently, around 90–100 % of sows from the top 10 pork-producing countries are fertilized via AI (Waberski et al., 2019). In the last decades, the use of artificial insemination (AI) has become the most used biotechnology in pig reproduction (Bortolozzo et al., 2015). Based on the results, long transport durations of AI doses under mild vibration emissions affect boar semen quality.
Mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress status quadratically decreased as agitation time increased ( P ≤ 0.05). Semen doses diluted with SHORT showed a higher pH ( P 0.05).
Total and progressive motility were affected by the interaction between the agitation time and the extender, with a linear reduction in sperm motility as the agitation time increased for LONG extender ( P ≤ 0.05). Sperm parameters were evaluated for sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, pH, thermo-resistance test (TRT), oxidative stress status, and mitochondrial membrane potential. The samples were stored at 17 ☌ for 120 h. Extended semen doses were filled with a total volume of 45 mL and 1.5 billion sperm cells and submitted to 0, 3, 6, and 12 h of agitation in an orbital shaker at 70 rpm. One normospermic ejaculate from each boar ( n = 20) was diluted in a split sample design with long-term (LONG, Androstar® Plus) and short-term (SHORT, Beltsville Thawing Solution) extenders. This study aimed to verify the effect of agitation time on sperm parameters during storage in two semen extenders.
Transport of extended boar semen doses is a common practice in the swine industry.
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